Tuesday, December 01, 2009

Motivation and performance - two versions

A son of mine doesn't do all that well on his IQ tests.

Of course that's not the whole story. He's relatively good, for example, at "rationalia"; he can solve fairly complex problems that he cares about. This "reasoning" capability is now thought to be fairly distinct from IQ, this also explains why some very smart people make very odd choices.

The "cares about" part is relevant to two recent stories.

One concerns shoelace tying. We'd made very good progress, but then he seemed to lose interest and regress. So I was preparing for a new attack when, one day recently, he started negotiating for a book he wanted me to buy him (he's a bibliophile, sometimes he even reads them). I jumped on it as a reward for what I estimated would be a 2-3 weeks of practice to achieve a goal of 5 successful ties on two on-foot shoes.

My son instead insisted he could do it immediately. Skip the training - go straight to the test. I demurred; I feared he'd get frustrated and meltdown. We worked out the details and, of course, he immediately completed the test and got the book.

The second story concerns my locked down iPhone. He's shouldn't to be able to access the web browser. Except that he discovered a back door through a generated hyperlink within a Twitter app he uses that gave him an embedded browser view he could manipulate. He's not supposed to be smart enough to hack my bleedin' phone.

I don't think his IQ tests are wrong. I do think there's a bit they don't quite capture.

Sunday, November 22, 2009

Special education and assistive technology for OS X

Apple has revised two pages on their web site related to special needs (adaptive, assistive) technology:
The first two are now current with Snow Leopard, though I'm personally deferring an update to that Intel-only platform until either April 2010 or a new machine.

I don't see anything equivalent to Don Johnston's Co:Writer word prediction software, however 10.6 includes a new (I don't think this is in 10.5) word completion feature:
... Students can avoid spelling mistakes and reduce keystrokes with the word completion feature of the Mac. After typing a few characters, pressing the Escape key opens up a menu of words to choose from beginning with the characters they typed. It highlights correct word usage, and it’s available in most applications...
Co:Writer might work in an XP or Win2K VM, though I was unable to find any data on that.

Update: There is an OS X version of Co:Writer, it's being updated for 10.6. I realize that Don Johnston sales are almost entirely to schools, but I do think he might market it a bit. At the very least it ought to be listed on Apple's accessibility site. I'll write him about that.

Saturday, November 21, 2009

The homework workstation account

My 12 yo is a computer problem. He has trouble getting off the computer when his time is up [1] and, if not supervised, he visits inappropriate web sites.

On the other hand, his computer skills are a relative strength now. In the future they'll be the foundation for the cognitive aides he'll live with for the rest of his life. So I want to build those skills.

He's long had his own user account on our MacBook, with OpenDNS filtering and Parental Controls logging. He can use that with close supervision, but it's not appropriate for lightly supervised homework.

So I've created a new "homework" account that's really locked down ...
Be the Best You can Be: A simple English wikipedia

... I subsequently configured a user account on the family MacBook restricted through Parental Controls to Tar Heel Reader and Simple Wikipedia. This is effectively a homework account, in addition to the web readers it includes Calculator, Grapher, Dictionary/Thesaurus, Google Earth, AppleWorks and the weather, time and calendar widgets...
The homework account is useable with much less supervision than a standard account. In time I might make this available to all the children without time restrictions.
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[1] I do too, but I'd hope right off if I faced the consequences he gets. The inability to adjust behavior to consequences is one of the gravest disabilities for many "explosive" children. That's why the fights we have are also valuable. If he can learn to manage the timed computer intervals, then he will have acquired a critical skill. Lately he's done quite well with an iPhone Timer running next to him. He likes the look of it, and the way the numbers move down. Even the alarm sound works. With this setup, and years of struggle, he's doing pretty well. Timer skills are key for him, so this is a double win.

Tuesday, November 17, 2009

A simple English wikipedia

The Simple English wikipedia was designed for people learning English ...
Simple English Wikipedia

This is the front page of the Simple English Wikipedia. Wikipedias are places where people work together to write encyclopedias in different languages. We use simple English words and grammar here. The Simple English Wikipedia is for everyone! That includes children and adults who are learning English...
Of course simple words are also helpful for many special needs readers.

This resource is worth further exploration.

Update 11/21/09: My 12 yo is comfortable reading the simple Wikipedia articles. That's not to say he volunteers to read them, but he's willing and able to read them to earn stickers towards Wii or web time.

I subsequently configured a user account on the family MacBook restricted through Parental Controls to Tar Heel Reader and Simple Wikipedia. This is effectively a homework account, in addition to the web readers it includes Calculator, Grapher, Dictionary/Thesaurus, Google Earth, AppleWorks and the weather, time and calendar widgets.

There was one catch. Simple Wikipedia (and wikipedia) are not compatible with Apple's "Parental Controls". It took all my geekery to figure out a solution (see last update).

Sunday, November 01, 2009

IQ and reasoning - not quite the same thing

This Scientific American article was written about smart people who don't reason very well (Mensa specializes in this group)...
Rational and Irrational Thought: The Thinking That IQ Tests Miss: Scientific American

No doubt you know several folks with perfectly respectable IQs who just don’t seem all that sharp. The behavior of such people tells us that we are missing something important by treating intelligence as if it encompassed all cognitive abilities. I coined the term “dysrationalia” (analogous to “dyslexia”), meaning the inability to think and behave rationally despite having adequate intelligence, to draw attention to a large domain of cognitive life that intelligence tests fail to assess.
The converse, of course, would be people with lousy IQs who still reason fairy well. They are able to solve real world problems much more effectively than IQ test problems.

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My Google Reader Shared items (feed)

Saturday, October 31, 2009

Shoelace tying - this approach worked

This worked.

More than coordination or sequencing or geometry, the problem is frustration and discouragement. The key is to drop the skill down to something that is sure to work, then succeed at that, then add another skill. If failure occurs drop back a skill level. When a skill level is secure, move up.
  1. We practiced with a shoe on his leg, and good lace length.
  2. A practice session of ten tie-related acts earned 10 min of screen time (Wii, web, game).
  3. I started out holding one lace, looping the other one over it, and then my son had only to pull the second lace through.
  4. Then we graduated to the bottom tie.
  5. Then I would do the bottom tie and I would hold two loops, positioning one so it had only to be pulled through the other. (For a while I used thread to bind the loops. That was useful as well.)
  6. Then I would hold only one loop.
  7. Then he started tying the loops.
  8. Then he did the entire tie.
  9. Then he started working with the shoe on his lap.
  10. Lastly with the shoe on his foot.
In retrospect, this seems blindingly obvious. In reality we flailed around with this for years; if we'd started out this way we could have succeeded long ago. We'd left this task largely to the therapists that were supposed to know how to teach it, but in the end we had to develop our own curriculum. Not the first time for that.

The training approach has other applications.

PS. I owe this training methodology to Steve Yelon of MSU's OMERAD program. He developed this approach when doing skills teaching for the US Secret Service.

Thursday, October 29, 2009

Courage Center Camps on Facebook

Courage Center has a Facebook page where they're putting events information such as the Dec 19th alumni Holiday Party:

11:00 AM- 4:00 PM Saturday December 19, 2009

• Soup and sandwich luncheon
• Hayrides
• Cookie decorating
• Sledding
• Snowshoeing & Cross county skiing
• Campfire & songs

Wednesday, October 28, 2009

Assistive communication app for the iPhone and iTouch

Gradually, developers are turning the iPhone into an assistive technology device.
Proloquo2Go: Assistive communication for the iPhone and iPod touch

...Proloquo2Go [iTunes Link] is not your usual iPhone/iPod touch app. It turns the mobile device into a full augmentative and alternative communication device ...

...When signing is not available or appropriate, using an AAC device may well be. AAC devices use combinations of symbols, words, sounds and technology to allow people without functional vocal abilities to communicate. The cost of such devices range from around US$3,500 to US$8,500 for something about the size of a Speak and Spell...

...In contrast, the Proloquo2Go app has a price of US$189.99...
At the moment medicare doesn't reimburse for the app and iTouch, since there's a well intended but obsolete single-purpose device rule with medicare. That's likely to change.

It will be interesting to see how the worldwide market will transform these kinds of solutions, both on the iPhone and on Android.

Behavior management and special needs children

I’m putting together a list of posts and references related to the adaptation of animal training methods to the behavior management of special needs humans …

Not much so far, but I’ll add more.

Update 2/18/2010: added many more.

Saturday, October 24, 2009

Unexpected wins and special needs

I’m reasonably good at predicting what two of my children will like and do.

I’m much less accurate at predicting the interests and abilities of my most exceptional son. Sometimes I guess high, but more often I guess low.

When we started playing baseball, I never thought he’d be a competitive and eager ballplayer. His recent soccer playing was completely unexpected. Yes, he is the weakest player on his school team – but he continues to go to practices.

He’s learned more math than I expected he would. I’m glad I listened to the advice of the mother of a girl with Downs syndrome. She told me her daughter got more out of sitting in mainstream history classes than she’d expected.

Today, though, he really surprised me. We’ve had great struggles with him getting off the computer when his earned time has ended. This is where multiple disabilities meet; the limited effectiveness of any punishments or of delayed rewards, frontal lobe dysfunction, ADHD, time perception, limited flexibility, frustration, lock-in, planning issues, and typical adolescent maternal/son power struggles exacerbated by all of his disabilities.

These challenges had led to a rule that both parents had to be present for his computer use; mostly so I could be the enforcer.

A difficult situation, but these challenges are also opportunities. He’s fighting over something he wants to do, but it’s extremely hard for him. It tests his weaknesses. To succeed he must develop new skills and strategies that will work in many life situations. The prize is worth the struggle.

His younger sibs don’t have the dual parent constraint. For my son, this indignity was the last straw. He was ready to deal, and he knew we had a strong position. Nine years of living the Greene approach have made him a seasoned negotiator.

The deal was that he’d use a countdown timer on one of our phones. He had to stop use immediately on the alarm with no parental words at all (it helps this is an iPhone alarm – tasteful and elegant). He had to do this five times in a row. If he succeeded he would revert to having the same privileges as his siblings. I wrote out the rules and five checkboxes and put it on the kitchen wall.

He succeeded on his first run, somehow managing to earn 5 wins in 3 days. (It hadn’t occurred to me that he could take his computer time in shorter segments, thereby shrinking his trial period. I’m intrigued by his intuitive ability to invent strategies like this – without being able to verbalize them.)

So he’s back on the same routine as his sibs – though he’s obligated to forever use the timer. Timer skills, of course, are very helpful for ADHD children and adults. As we’d planned.

Of course I expect he’ll regress. We’ll be back to the struggle again, and he’ll have to earn another five checks in the row. (As I wrote this, however, he completed a 10 minute segment brilliantly – stopping a game in mid-move. I’d have bet $40 he wouldn’t do that.)

Whatever happens now, victory is ours. We now know he can do this, eventually we will win. We, as in he and us.

This afternoon we try mainstream hockey. Another giant challenge. He has many more challenges in his life than I do.

Ok, maybe not many more. Comparable, anyway.

Update 2/18/2010: We still struggle with the computer, but we've definitely made progress. I'd forgotten we used this program (my own disabilities - aging brain) and I might try it again. He did succeed in the hockey program -- really better than I thought he would.